Just to put things in an easy way to read, to my understandings:
Star Awards.
1: Very basic introduction to kayaking, can't really fail.
2:Good understanding of strokes, braces, eskimo and deep water rescues, a bit of knowlage, and gerneral good control of boat, and I think some trips logged.
3:All flatwater strokes/rescues perfect. Able to roll, use a throwline and towing, more indepth knowlege and more trips logged. Fairly hard to pass.
4:Now it breaks into different disaplins.e.g. sea, surf, whitewater, c1, open canoe etc. Basicly the bigginings to whitewater. If you have paddled whitewater then this, in my eyes is easier than the 3*. Grade 2 break in/out, ferry front+back, edging, surf small wave, gerneral river reading/rescues, swimming theroy, basic whitewater knoladge, equipment, strokes, roll, and trips on grade 2. You have to have a fist aid cetificate.
5*training: In my eyes this is a very worthwhile course. You learn everything you need to know to be competent member of a group, and leading on grade 3-4 rivers in different conditions. They teach you lots of differnt ways of runnings rivers, setting up saftey, portages, visuliastion, rescues, and improve on your general skills and control of the boat. Need a first aid certificate and evidence on trips on grade 3-4 rivers.
5*Assement: I don't think it is that woth it, cost alot and don't get any bennifits apart from coaching. Basicly just an assement of the above to a high standard. Need first aid and white water saftey and rescue qual.
Coaching:
Level 1: 2*needed, with canoe saftey test and fist aid, membership to bcu.. This is the same for all coaching quals. Take 6 people on a shelterd lake or equivilant. Assess 1*.Can't do much else.
Level 2: 3*needed with the above. Take 6people on lake or sheltered river. Assess 2* 20hours coaching logged.
Level 3: Need 4*with the above, along with whitewater saftey and rescue qual. Done your level 3 training(weekend course) Can take 4-6 people(can't remember), on grade 2 water and lead the trip safley, Again at level three the disaplines split so you specilise in your prefered area. Most people fail this one because there is a big jump from level 2 to 3. 50 hours coaching logged.
Level 4: Need 5* along with the above, and then go on a coaching processors course. Not too sure how these work, i think a weekednd discussing coaching techniques, and putting them into practice. Think you can lead people down grade3-4 water. Choaching hours needed????
Level 5: Now this is the dogs bol***ks. You need a liftimes experience, be recomended by someone, have loads of first aid, rescue quals, be level 4 in different disapline, different assesor quals. You see where I am going with this. Once you have this, then I believe you can lead people down whatever you feel they are upto. Although if anything goes wrong then everything would come down on you because of your experience.
Whitewater saftey and rescue course:
Teaches you the safe techniques of rescuing people/boats, different ways to portage, belays, live bait, swimming technique, paddling, self rescues. Genrally a good course, but make sure you have a good coach and get your monies worth, because you can pay between £100-£200 for this course.
Canoe saftey test:
Flat water rescues, throwlines, towing, basic flat water stuff, chaep £20-50.
You don't need to do the star test to be able to paddle. Unless you want to be a coach. Although they are good for several reasons. They push you to exceed and aim for a higher level, gives people a general understanding of your ability, and teaches you how to do everything in a safe and controlled manner. As far as paddling on man made courses, you don't have to be a 3*. If you have a level 3 coach then that will cover you. Or most centres will do a quick on water assement, to see you are of a 3* standard. These rules are there to keep things safe, rather than have a load of complete novices bombing down grade 2-3 water and hurting people in the process. And you have to be a level of any sort to paddle natural rivers. This is how I think it works. Im sure I have left things out or got things wrong so feel free to coment. But at the end of the day this is basicly how it works, so it is down to you to make your mind up.
Cheers
Darren
P.s. I have an very lax job